Buying a gemstone is an exciting moment — whether it’s for an engagement ring, a gift, or to add to your collection.
Along with the sparkle often comes a sheet of paper: the gem identification report.
For many buyers, this document looks like a wall of technical jargon.
In reality, it’s your gemstone’s passport — proof of its identity, authenticity, and any treatments it has undergone.
Understanding how to read a gem identification report will help you make informed, confident decisions.
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1. Gem Type & Variety
At the top of most gemstone testing reports, you’ll see the gemstone type — for example, Corundum — followed by its variety, such as Sapphire or Ruby.
Gem Type: The mineral species (e.g., Corundum, Beryl, Quartz).
Variety: The specific gemstone name within that species.
Why it matters: This tells you exactly what you’re buying, backed by laboratory analysis from a professional gem testing laboratory.
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2. Weight & Measurements
The carat weight and millimeter dimensions are listed to define the gemstone’s size.
Carat (ct): Measures weight, not size.
Dimensions: Length × Width × Depth in millimeters.
Tip: Two gemstones of the same carat can look different in size depending on how they’re cut.
A professional gem lab report will always include these details.
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3. Cut & Shape
The cut is both the shape (round, oval, pear, etc.) and the style (brilliant, step, mixed).
Why it matters: The cut affects brilliance, light return, and overall beauty — all of which influence value.
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4. Colour Description
Colour is often described by hue, tone, and saturation — e.g., Medium Greenish-Blue or Vivid Green.
Why it matters: Even small variations in tone and saturation can significantly impact the gemstone’s value.
A gem identification report ensures these characteristics are recorded accurately.
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5. Optical & Physical Properties
You may see terms like RI (Refractive Index) and SG (Specific Gravity).
RI: Measures how light bends in the gem — unique to each gemstone species.
SG: Compares the gem’s density to water.
Tip: These optical and physical properties tests are vital for confirming authenticity and preventing the purchase of imitations.
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6. Treatment Disclosure
Common gemstone treatments include heat, oil, or irradiation.
Why it matters: Untreated gemstones are rarer and often more valuable.
However, some treatments are widely accepted in the trade if disclosed.
A reliable gemstone authenticity report will always mention these.
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7. Comments & Additional Notes
This section may describe inclusions, fluorescence, or special optical features.
Why it matters:
These details provide further proof of the gem’s authenticity and uniqueness — often helping distinguish natural gems from synthetics.
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Final Thoughts
A gem identification report is your assurance of what you own.
It’s not just paperwork — it’s part of your gemstone’s identity and proof of its authenticity.
Learning how to interpret it means you can purchase with confidence, whether you’re buying fine jewellery or loose gemstones.
If you need help reading a gemstone verification report, our gem testing laboratory can guide you through every section and explain what it means for your gem’s value and care.
Because when it comes to precious stones, knowledge is the real sparkle.
© 2025 John Ng, G.G.
John Ng can be contacted by email : hundredfold@gmail.com
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